關山野生動物重要棲息環境延平事業區第24至31林班生物資源調查研究

關山野生動物重要棲息環境生物資源調查計畫
台東師範學院自然科學教育學系 劉教授炯錫

中文摘要

國有林台東林區延平事業區24-31林班，面積約15,084公頃，地理學上屬於內本鹿的主要區域，曾為布農族人之生活圈。1930年代日本政府將布農族遷出，中華民國政府曾於1960-70年代於少部分地區伐木與造林，因此大部分地區仍保持原始狀態，野生動物豐富。本研究自2001年10月起開始進行當地動植物的初步調查，本研究結合內本鹿布農族人尋根活動，調查發現維管束植物111科403種植物，其中蕨類植物共22科71種、裸子植物5科15種，被子植物84科317種，並初步描述幾種植物社會的種類組成。此外，發現於24林班地內也有為數超過百株的台東蘇鐵，低海拔的刺柏，及零星的馬尾松分佈的特殊情形。野生動物主要調查布農族人熟悉的中大型哺乳類，在海拔200至2400公尺之間，計發現台灣獼猴、赤腹松鼠、條紋松鼠、大赤鼯鼠、白面鼯鼠、台灣黑熊、台灣野豬、山羌、長鬃山羊在各海拔均普遍分佈。水鹿普遍分佈於中、高海拔，黃喉貂、鼬獾、白鼻心、棕蓑貓、穿山甲較偏向中低海拔。本調查並於海拔約1100公尺處溪谷目擊三隻水獺。本調查結合布農族文化尋根活動，紀錄布農族地名、舊家位址與獵區、路徑等。建議台東林區管理處能進一步加強結合當地布農族人，進行本地生態與人文的調查研究。

關鍵字：延平事業區、野生動物、植物生態、內本鹿、布農族

Abstract

There are about 15,084 hectares in the national forest 24-31 blocks of Yen-Ping district which locates inside the main area of Laipunuk geographical area, Taitung, Taiwan. The indigenous Bunun people ever lived there before the Japanese government moved them out in 1930s. The forest government of Republic of China ever implemented clear cutting and tree plantation in some area during 1960s to 1970s. But most land remains primitive. This study area appeared abundant flora or fauna. We work with Bunun People and recorded 403 species of vascular plants, including 71 ferns, 15 conifers, and 317 flower plants. The composition and distribution of some plant communities are also preliminarily described. Furthermore, we found hundreds of Cycas taitungensis outside the Nature Preserve of Taitung Cycas, Juniperus formosana growing lower than 400 meters in elevation, and some trees of Pinus massoniana sporadically. The Bunun People discovered 18 large or median mammal species, belonged to nine families and five orders. Among them, the Chinese otter, Lutra lutra chinensis, is endangered and had not recorded above ten years in Taiwan. We also investigated the land name, residence, hunting territory and walking path of Bunun People there. We suggest it is worth further studying with indigenous people in near future.

Keywords: Wildlife, Vegetation ecology, Laipunuk, Indigenous people.